For example, for cognitive strategies to be learned, there must be a chance to practice developing new solutions to problems to learn attitudes, the learner must be exposed to a credible role model or persuasive arguments. Different internal and external conditions are necessary for each type of learning. Gagne identifies five major categories of learning: verbal information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, motor skills and attitudes. The significance of these classifications is that each different type requires different types of instruction. This theory specifies that there are several different types or levels of learning. The i nformation processing theory has become a general theory of human cognition the phenomenon of chunking has been verified at all levels of cognitive processing. In a TOTE unit, a goal is tested to see if it has been achieved and if not an operation is performed to achieve the goal this cycle of test-operate is repeated until the goal is eventually achieved or abandoned. The second concept is TOTE (Test-Operate-Test-Exit) replaced the stimulus-response as the basic unit of behavior. Miller presented the idea that short-term memory could only hold 5-9 chunks of information where a chunk is any meaningful unit. The first concept is "chunking" and the capacity of short term memory. Miller has provided two theoretical ideas that are fundamental to cognitive psychology and the information processing framework. Ausubel was influenced by the work of Piaget on cognitive development. Learning experiences forgetting occurs because certain details get integratedĪnd lose their individual identity. Cognitive structures represent the residue of all Ausubel emphasizes that subsumption involves reorganization of existingĬognitive structures. Related to relevant ideas in the existing cognitive structure on a practicalīasis. A primary process in learning is in which new material is Large amounts of meaningful material from verbal/textual presentations in a Ausubel's theory is concerned with how individuals learn
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